On a global scale, the heating of atmospheric molecules causes the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, to expand and stretch higher during the day; it then settles back down as it cools at night. (discovermagazine.com)
As this light passes through the exoplanet's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed by atmospheric molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
In the midst of an extreme Antarctic freeze, atmospheric molecules lose roughly 20 percent of their room - temperature velocity. (discovermagazine.com)