The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) containing neurons who secrete corticotropin - releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine - vasopressin peptide (AVP) and the locus ceruleus in the brain bridge produces the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (LC / NE). (scirp.org)
Early - life stress disrupts attachment learning: The role of amygdala corticosterone, locus ceruleus corticotropin releasing hormone, and olfactory bulb norepinephrine (cambridge.org)
A hyperactive locus ceruleus could alter behavior, says Valentino, because this region sends signals to the cerebral cortex, the brain area responsible for thinking, memory, and other high - order cognitive functions. (sciencemag.org)