Progressive decreases in serum cobalamin concentration in dogs with asymptomatic SIBO often precede development of clinical signs. (epi4dogs.com)
Low serum cobalamin concentrations in dogs have been associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), severe intestinal disease, IF - Cbl receptor abnormalities, and conditions associated with the proliferation of enteric abacteria e.g stagnant loops. (epi4dogs.com)
The authors recommend a larger, prospective study to further evaluate the benefits of oral cobalamin supplementation compared to administration via injection. (stevedalepetworld.com)