Also, the NCM460 cell line that Dr. Ebert and the carrageenan lobby criticize is derived from normal colonic mucosa and is useful to model effects on colonic cells, in the same way that other intestinal cell lines, such as Caco2 and HT29, are useful. (foodsafetymagazine.com)
Studies in healthy dogs fed diets with n - 6: n - 3 fatty acid ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 demonstrated a decreased production of LTB4 in plasma, neutrophils and skin.32 Increases in certain long chain n - 3 fatty acids and decreases in arachidonic acid were identified in the small intestine and colonic mucosa of healthy Beagles fed the same ratios.33 Further research is necessary to establish a dosage of PUFA's and to determine the clinical benefits in dogs and cats with large bowel diseases. (epi4dogs.com)
4) Wheat germ agglutinin, a direct intestinal toxin in animal models, exerts disruptive effects on gastric, small intestinal, and colonic mucosa. (health.harvard.edu)