To achieve climate stabilization in the longer term, policies are needed to address combustion emissions through carbon capture and storage or by other means. (wri.org)
Fumes from nitrogen - rich fertilizers and animal waste combine in the air with combustion emissions to form solid particles in the air. (sciencedaily.com)
A further step would be to develop a product - based approach that accounts for typical carbon sequestration during the growing phase, carbon emissions from processing, and implicit emissions from land use changes as well as combustion emissions for each biofuel and biomass type. (carbontax.org)