The phrase "degree temperatures" refers to the measurement of how hot or cold something is. It indicates the amount of heat or coldness in relation to a specific scale or unit of measurement. Full definition
The quotes are about preparing for a 4 degree temperature rise due to global warming. (treehugger.com)
The following map shows where and to what degree temperatures in 2017 have increased relative to the average temperature in 1951 - 1980. (berkeleyearth.org)
The habitat conditions changed under both the 2 - and 7 - degree temperature increase scenarios, he said. (scientificamerican.com)