Astonishingly, sphingosine -1-phosphate is only released in the macrophages if — alongside with the binding of dimer - GR to the DNA — a pro-inflammatory signalling pathway is stimulated involving protein kinases p38 and MSK1. (sciencedaily.com)
Consistent with this, AFF 1 immunotherapy reduced the accumulation of AS neuropathology in neuronal bodies and neuropil at the cardinal sites for this LBD model (neocortex and hippocampus), and reduced the levels of AS dimers as well as oligomers in brain homogenates, while having no significant effect on monomeric AS. (sens.org)
Headed by researcher Natàlia Carulla, currently group leader at IECB, the team at IRB Barcelona and IECB has studied the chemical and structural properties of beta - amyloid dimers in close collaboration with IRB Barcelona's Mass Spectrometry Facility, managed by Marta Vilaseca. (sciencedaily.com)