Presumably if the goal is to do direct sampling, the analysis would have to be done on board the probe. (centauri-dreams.org)
The company has developed a highly differentiated technology for rapid pathogen detection by direct sampling of bodily fluids. (qvella.com)
New shipboard direct sampling methods for air - sea CH4 exchange will enable researchers to better quantify marine fluxes and will help the community address disparities in marine CH4 emissions estimates among different regions [Thornton et al., 2016]. (eos.org)