Carbon dating is based on the half - life decays of elemental carbon and simply using a mathematical equation to pre-date back. (religion.blogs.cnn.com)
Researchers now use X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to measure air pollution metal content, ion chromatography to identify other chemicals and other tactics to assess organic and elemental carbon levels. (sciencedaily.com)
Evidence is mounting that petroleum is abiogenic in origin — and natural forces deep inside the Earth are constantly creating new hydrocarbons from elemental carbon and hydrogen. (townhall.com)