Abstract: Weak lensing is commonly measured using shear through galaxy ellipticities, or using the effect of magnification bias on galaxy number densities. (arxiv.org)
«We control the below - threshold harmonic light emission by using electromagnetic fields with time - dependent ellipticity, like we have done to the above - threshold high - order harmonics,» said Chang referring to the creation of a 67 - attosecond pulse of extreme ultraviolet light, which earned him international recognition. (sciencedaily.com)
More precisely, ellipticals are sub-classified for ellipticity from E7 (strongly elongated) to E0 (circular), and spirals for prominence of bulge versus spiral arms from Sa (or SABa, SBa) to Sc or Sd. (maa.clell.de)