The study is the first to provide a global estimate of maritime shipping's total contribution to air particle pollution based on direct emission measurements. (sciencecodex.com)
It is also possible to test emissions during real - world driving, using a portable emissions measurement system, though the process is cumbersome. (fortune.com)
«The combination of bottom - up soil emission measurements and top - down airborne measurements provide strong evidence for their emission assessments,» he says. (sciencenews.org)