The continued reduction in the extent of sea ice in the Arctic is expected to lead to increased photosynthetic primary production and POC flux there (Jones et al., 2014), which could benefit fauna whose energetic demands increase as a result of ocean acidification (e.g., calcifying taxa). (elementascience.org)
IF is best done by individuals without any sort of significant stressor or energetic demand on the body,» Ruper advises. (geopost247.com)
We speculate that mortalities due to offshore swimming during late - ice (or mild ice) years may be an important and unaccounted source of natural mortality given energetic demands placed on individual bears engaged in long - distance swimming. (link.springer.com)