Overall, students with high reading engagement scored significantly above the international average on the combined reading literacy scale, regardless of their family background. (renaissance.com)
The opposite was also true, with students with low reading engagement scoring significantly below the international average, no matter their socioeconomic status. (renaissance.com)
In fact, students with the lowest socioeconomic background but high reading engagement scored better than students with the highest socioeconomic background but low reading engagement. (renaissance.com)