In many cases they are reacting to a real threat such as when another dog attacks them or a human uses excessive punishment. (theveterinaryexpert.com)
These changes should be made retroactive as the Sentencing Reform and Corrections Act of 2017 proposes in order to reduce excessive punishments for those already sentenced. (sentencing.typepad.com)
«We know that common practices such as spanking or excessive punishment do not instill a strong discipline. (sciencedaily.com)