McCarthy, R.J., S.H. Levine, and J.M. Reed, Estimation of effectiveness of three methods of feral cat population control by use of a simulation model. (voxfelina.com)
«Neuter / return feral cat population control, including vaccination, is in truth a very effective rabies control measure, as I know firsthand, because I was personally involved in the introduction of neuter / return feral cat control to the U.S. in 1991 — 1992 — and it was done as part of a rabies control program.» (voxfelina.com)
Neutering, a surgical procedure which involves castration or removal of the uterus and ovaries, is used as an alternative to lethal means in feral cat population control. (sciencedaily.com)