There have been many formal laws to express racism, both formal, and informal laws to encourage bigotry too. (religion.blogs.cnn.com)
Whilst the lack of geographical coverage offered by formal law courts is a major factor behind the preference of customary law, so too is the lack of trust in formal justice. (globaleducationmagazine.com)
Regulation typically involves formal laws and policies imposed by governments or international organizations, often backed by the threat of criminal penalties or other formal sanctions. (ceassessment.org)