Mothers are at higher risk for depression during and after pregnancy — and many continue to have depressive symptoms even as children grow up. (scientificamerican.com)
Those at high risk for depression spent more on overall and out - of - pocket healthcare expenditures yearly when compared with patients in the low - risk group. (sciencedaily.com)
Other research in China suggests that authoritarian parenting puts children at higher risk for depression if they have trouble with self - control (Muhtadie et al 2013). (parentingscience.com)