"Impassioned debate" refers to a discussion or argument in which people express strong emotions, passion, and strong beliefs about a particular topic. Full definition
My wife and I have had a number of impassioned debates about what I believe is not a hypothetical question: Would you download your consciousness into a box if it meant you could continue going on? (discovermagazine.com)
After a second day of impassioned debate in the House of Commons, a total of 498 MPs voted to give a second reading to the short bill granting the government the power to invoke article 50, while 114 voted against. (theguardian.com)
An unusual economic experiment that kicked off in 2010 has triggered one of the most impassioned debates in malaria control for years. (science.sciencemag.org)