Taken together, the cost and benefit estimates suggest that taxpayers paid $ 51 per student in return for an increase in test scores of 1 percent of a standard deviation. (educationnext.org)
Again, gains in test scores do not appear to capture very well the quality of schools or programs. (educationnext.org)
We then averaged the change in test scores for each cohort in the school on each test and subject. (educationnext.org)