"Large payloads" refers to objects or materials that are heavy or massive and can be transported or carried by a vehicle, spacecraft, or other transportation system. Full definition
It also greatly modernizes the enterprise landscape and disrupts the hacker business model of exploiting large payloads of credentials to sell on the dark web. (entrepreneur.com)
A parallel stuff is to work on propulsion systems capable of carrying large payloads to distant star systems. (realclimate.org)
When developing viral vectors, scientists strive for a number of features: low risk, high expression, large payload capacity, ability to infect target cells, no immune response from the host, and easy to develop / use in the lab. (blog.addgene.org)