"Latitudinal variation" refers to the differences or changes that occur when we compare places located at different distances from the Earth's equator. Full definition
In reality, on - the - ground investigations are beginning to show that wet and dry phases may show north - to - south timing differences across the Levant and the Syro - Arabian Desert, as well as latitudinal variations of wet conditions between basins, implying more complicated demographic processes of expansion, contraction and extinction [64]. (journals.plos.org)
There is also distinct latitudinal variation in the difference between bottom temperatures on the shelf, slope, and deep sea, of which the deep sea is warmer by up to ∼ 2 °C at high latitudes and colder by ∼ 2 °C around sub-Antarctic islands. (journals.plos.org)
Grachev A. A., P. O. G. Persson, T. Uttal, E. Akish, C. J. Cox, S. M. Morris, C. W. Fairall, R. S. Stone, G. Lesins, A. Makshtas and I. A. Repina (May 2018): Seasonal and latitudinal variations of surface fluxes at two Arctic terrestrial sites. (esrl.noaa.gov)