For students from families with low parental education levels, Texas (28 %) and New Jersey (25 %) have the highest proficiency rates, well ahead of Massachusetts and Minnesota (both at 18 %), putting them in 7th and 8th place among U.S. states for this category of students. (educationnext.org)
Our GUS finding for family socio - economic disadvantage (as indicated here by lower parental education) ties in with the negative effect of low family socio - economic status on the quality of both mothers» and fathers» relations with three year - old children in another large birth cohort, the UK Millennium Cohort Study (Malmberg & Flouri, 2011). (gov.scot)
These risk factors include, living in poverty, being a single or teen - age parent, low parental education status, illiteracy / limited literacy, and families who are challenged by language barriers (e.g., immigrant families). (cebc4cw.org)