They include its effects on endothelial cell «differentiation» to yield tubular - like structures, endothelial and tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, as well as its effects on extracellular matrix remodelling enzyme activities of matrix metalloproteinase - 2 (MMP - 2) and urokinase - type plasminogen activator (uPA). (journals.plos.org)
Moreover, the binding with the MMP active site is discussed in the research paper, «Phosphonate Emerging Zinc Binding Group in Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors», published in Current Drug Targets. (sciencedaily.com)
The mechanism by which TIMP2 improves cognition is still unclear, but it is known to inhibit a group of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, some of which are involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. (newscientist.com)