The fibrous nature of plant material causes mechanical irritation to the digestive tract. (patrickmahaney.com)
Live adult HW cause direct mechanical irritation of the intima and pulmonary arterial walls, leading to perivascular cuffing with inflammatory cells, including infiltration of high numbers of eosinophils. (forpetssakeveterinarycenter.com)
If chewed or ingested can cause significant mechanical irritation and edema of the oral tissues and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract (dogfoodselector.com)