"Medieval peasants" refers to the common people who lived during the Middle Ages, a historical period from the 5th to 15th century. They were usually farmers who worked the land and did not have much wealth or social standing. Full definition
Recently I've seen some interesting, puzzling news items about education wherein the principal players seem to cast logic to the wind and fall back on irrational opinions like medieval peasants. (chicagonow.com)
Medieval peasants didn't have a lot to work with — just water and some grains and maybe peas. (brandnewvegan.com)
Indeed it is as unimaginable for many of us to perceive the world without our industrial economies and nation states at the nexus as it must have been for medieval peasants to contemplate a world without the Church of Rome. (businessinsider.com)