However, the high appraisal of these resources and networks creates tension for low - income minority parents in terms of expectations for parent involvement and contribution and school culture. (debsedstudies.org)
In contrast, racial / ethnic minority parents perceive other factors — including motivation, self - management, and social competence — as contributing to high achievement. (link.springer.com)
Low - income minority parents have neither the resources to move out of their city nor the political power to force policymakers to meet their education needs. (educationnext.org)