They found that early retirement programs did not reduce test scores, and that instead, small, positive effects were observed in schools that serve more disadvantaged student populations. (educationnext.org)
If students are from more advantaged backgrounds, externalizing is actually associated with higher earnings, while for more disadvantaged students externalizing seems to have no effect on earnings. (educationnext.org)
Pressure to close gaps has meant pushing more disadvantaged students into AP courses, even when it has compromised rigor or standards. (nationalaffairs.com)