The phrase "new observatory" refers to a recently built place from where people can study and observe things like stars, planets, and other objects in the sky. Full definition
A plethora of new observatories — chief among them NASA's multi-billion-dollar James Webb Space Telescope, slated to launch in 2019 — could soon begin studying the planets of TRAPPIST - 1 and other nearby red - dwarf planets for signs of habitability and life. (scientificamerican.com)
New observatories draw out more details as shock waves from the explosion keep plowing through interstellar gas. (sciencenews.org)
As for helium hydride, he allows himself a flicker of optimism about two new observatories coming later this decade: ALMA, a radio telescope array in Chile, and the James Webb Space Telescope, a giant successor to Hubble due to launch in a few years. (discovermagazine.com)