Both can be effective, they found, but if deposited in parallel, the material requires a certain number of defects so ions can slip through. (sciencedaily.com)
«For example, conventional planar growth of gallium arsenide onto a silicon surface results therefore in a large number of defects.» (sciencedaily.com)
With their large surface areas and sufficiently high number of defects, the cerium oxide nano - shapes are able to capture the platinum atoms on their surfaces and keep them from clumping together, so that the platinum can continue to do its work. (sciencedaily.com)