This is typically done through genetic testing to confirm that the father is the natural and biological father of the child. (dewittlaw.com)
Every state has certain laws that address the issues related to biological fathers in adoption. (beaconhouseadoption.com)
However, it does not list other exceptions or appear to propose consequences for biological fathers who refuse to participate in formally acknowledging paternity or make themselves available for DNA testing. (thespruce.com)