The adversarial nature of APEP represents an acknowledgment that pharmaceutical companies, and the scientists that they sponsor, should not be viewed as disinterested arbiters of research but, rather, as advocates for particular hypotheses. (judithcurry.com)
One particular hypothesis garnered a lot of attention: the suggestion that rapid Arctic warming and associated sea ice loss may be increasing the risk of cold extremes. (theconversation.com)
Any particular hypothesis can be maintained by rejecting or adjusting other auxiliary hypotheses.9 As Quine puts it, theories form a field which is only loosely tied to the data at its boundaries: (religion-online.org)