The phrase "patronage system" refers to a practice where people in power reward their supporters or friends with favors, jobs, or other benefits. It is based on personal relationships rather than merit or qualifications. Full definition
The purpose has been to put his own loyal men into all the government positions, consolidate his own power, reward his supporters like any good political patronage system would. (wolfstreet.com)
Because aid is also a kind of patronage system, it has tended to fit neatly into African political life. (religion-online.org)
It lacks the checks and balances of parliaments and organized citizen movements, and it pivots on patronage systems built on kinship and ethnic hierarchies. (religion-online.org)