Penny teaching a group of participants the Leopold's technique and fetal positioning, particularly how to prevent and manage the occiput posterior position which often leads to challenging back labor and birth. (believemidwiferyservices.com)
We know now that epidural anesthesia increases the rate of posterior position at the time of birth from about 4 % (for women who don't choose an epidural in a university birth setting) up to about 13 % when an epidural is used (Lieberman, 2005). (spinningbabies.com)
We don't fully know the cause, but we do know that a potentially posterior baby is not going to keep labor from starting given 29.7 % of labors start with baby in some type of posterior position and 46.6 % of labors start with baby in a transverse position (Ahmad, 2014). (columbusbirth.com)