The easiest way for companies to address the issue was to reduce research expenditures. (sciencemag.org)
The new report advances some possible explanations: increased complexity of research, more comprehensive articles, greater expense for journal submission and research expenditures rising faster than inflation. (scientificamerican.com)
Much of this infrastructure supports other programs, mainly related to defence, where research expenditures are even more removed from commercial opportunities. (sciencedaily.com)