This TFM approach is based on a neutronic Monte Carlo pre-calculation, condensing the time dependent response of the system in Green functions. (epj.org)
The «Charney» sensitivity is generally thought of as the medium - term response of the system, including all the fast feedbacks and some of the longer term ones (like the ocean). (realclimate.org)
The fundamental issue about climate change, the difficulty, is the delayed response of a system and that's due to the ocean's heat capacity. (carbonbrief.org)