The volume of Arctic sea ice increased by around a third after an unusually cool summer in 2013. (pearltrees.com)
Complex interactions among different parts of the climate system are a fundamental part of climate change — for example, reduction in sea ice increases the absorption of heat by the ocean and the heat flow between the ocean and the atmosphere, which can also affect cloudiness and precipitation. (scientificamerican.com)
As the Trump administration advances plans to open up the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the offshore waters of Alaska to drilling — and as decreasing sea ice increases options of Arctic drilling — that could mean an increase in black carbon. (insideclimatenews.org)