A second effect comes in the form of currency fluctuations. (oilprice.com)
The second effect is to alter the incentives faced by the private (and public) sectors in deciding whether to spend today or on some future day. (rba.gov.au)
Whether or not confidential family planning leads to lower teenage pregnancy rates depends on whether the first effect (which lowers pregnancy rates) is larger than the second effect (which increases pregnancy rates). (faith.org.uk)