The specifics: a germanium wafer is spun at high speeds and subjected to various gases that encourage the growth of layers of semiconducting material such as gallium arsenide. (scientificamerican.com)
To form the device, Petroff's postdoc Winston Schoenfeld first made a block of semiconducting materials using molecular beam epitaxy. (scientificamerican.com)
AB - stacking of two layers of graphene leads to the formation of a material with semiconducting properties by applying an external electric field. (sciencedaily.com)