A "separation decree" is a legal document that officially ends a marriage and separates the couple, allowing them to live separately. It outlines the division of property, child custody, and other important matters. Full definition
However, this is rare in initial separation decrees, and it generally only happens when there are unusual circumstances. (divorcemag.com)
A legal separation decree Includes the terms and conditions of spousal support, child support, child custody, visitation and restraining orders. (divorcesource.com)
You must be married on the last day of the year to claim a tax exemption for your spouse on your tax return, and if you obtain a final divorce or separation decree by December 31, you may not claim a federal tax exemption for your (ex) spouse. (efile.com)