Standard laboratory DNA isolation methods, such as sonication, ribonuclease (RNase) treatment, and ethanol precipitation may reduce the available pool of DNA enough to prevent recovering usable sequences from the oldest samples. (sciencemag.org)
This process, called sonication, is how CNI is able to scale up production of graphene to meet the research and development demands of the W - TENG and other nanomaterial inventions in development. (sciencedaily.com)
Graphene oxide is synthesized under extreme conditions (exposure to highly concentrated sulfuric acid, high temperatures, ultra sonication). (spectrum.ieee.org)