The 56 - page ruling, issued by Judge Denise Cote of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, is the first substantive ruling in the litigation. (goodereader.com)
It thereby indirectly included in its argumentation substantive rules of international law by using them as tools of interpretation (especially via Article 31 (3)(c) VCLT), declaring the GC's failure to do so an error in law (Judgment para 86, 97, 107). (europeanlawblog.eu)
Conceptually, civil law proceeds from abstractions, formulates general principles, and distinguishes substantive rules from procedural rules. (law.stackexchange.com)