While the functionality has been laying dormant in Android for a long time, dev preview 5 now surfaces the source information for apps. (androidauthority.com)
Re: # 3, a big difference between horizontal drilling to exploit coal - bed methane production (which is what I think you mean) and EGS is that in CBM, the valuable item is the gas, not the water, which comes both from surface sources, and from the natural gas / coal resource. (dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com)
Variations of atmospheric trace gases are studied using inverse models to understand surface sources and sinks, especially in relation to the «missing sink» of carbon dioxide. (atmos.colostate.edu)