"Sustained activation" refers to the continuous and long-lasting state of being active, alert, or engaged in a particular task or activity without fluctuation or interruption. Full definition
It is mediated by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin - 1 and tumour - necrosis factor, both of which are produced in high amounts following sustained activation of Toll - like receptor 4 by LPS. (nature.com)
Although a non - essential amino acid in normal cells, the demand for glutamine is dramatically increased throughout malignant transformation to support increased metabolic demands; namely, provision of catabolic substrates for ATP production and anabolic substrates for macromolecule biosynthesis.The intracellular glutamine pool is also critical for sustained activation of mTORC1 signalling, a master regulator of cell growth and protein translation, as well as prevention of apoptosis (nutritionfacts.org)
Sustained activation of nuclear erythroid 2 - related factor 2 / antioxidant response element signaling promotes reductive stress in the human mutant protein aggregation cardiomyopathy in mice. (abcam.com)