Another way deter biting in dogs is to spray a dog - safe taste deterrent on clothing and parts of the body the dog likes to bite. (reference.com)
It's harmless to dogs and doesn't leave a stain, but the powerful taste deterrent sends a strong message to your dog. (petsense.com)
Taste deterrents such as bitter apple can applied to the object, the noxious taste will hopefully deter the determined chewer and he will learn to leave the object alone. (laurelwoodvets.com)