ACOs are groups of providers that are held responsible for the care of defined populations of patients.The key notion is that the providers within the ACO receive financial rewards for both improving the quality of care and reducing the growth of costs.The Affordable Care Act established this new, voluntary federal program for Medicare, and many private insurers are adopting the model. (sciencedaily.com)
Steps were taken to minimize this bias (Penrod, Preston, Cain, & Starks, 2003) such as clearly defining the population in question and initiating chains appropriately. (academic.oup.com)
Now, it is possible to refer the reading or mathematics growth rates of students observed during schooling to a clearly defined population of growth curves derived from serial measures of students whose reading ability and mathematical understanding were systematically assessed over time. (blog.lexile.com)