High - volume hydraulic fracturing has been combined with horizontal drilling over the past decade to force oil and natural gas out of shale and other tight geological formations by fracturing the rock with high - pressure injection of water, sand, and chemicals. (nationalgeographic.com)
The suggestion that CNRL steamed too aggressively at the site, possibly fracturing rock formations and allowing bitumen to migrate to the surface, was rejected by the company. (canadianbusiness.com)
To improve models for drilling, hydraulic fracturing and underground storage of carbon dioxide, Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists used neutrons to understand how water flows through fractured rock. (europeanspallationsource.se)