"To retake the test" means to take the test again, usually because you didn't do well on the first attempt or you want to improve your score. Full definition
There's no penalty for retaking the test as many times as necessary. (epolitics.com)
I perform below expectations on some tests and quizzes, but do not retake tests when I perform low on them. (edutopia.org)
If you have failed the learner's permit or renewal test three times, you are required by the DMV to take this 8 - hour course for the opportunity of retaking the test. (1stopdic.com)