But a greater embarrassment — with the benefit of hindsight — was his failure to predict universal expansion. (discovermagazine.com)
Back in 2016, Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and Johns Hopkins University announced the results of a study that clocked a new rate for universal expansion with 97.6 % certainty: 45.5 miles per second per megaparsec. (outerplaces.com)
With the scale factor, Big Bang itself, or cosmologic singularity, ceases to be a necessary condition for the cosmos to begin universal expansion. (sciencedaily.com)