On the one hand, we have seen the importance of universal participation. (carbon-price.com)
As Matthew Hoffmann has argued [2], the ozone negotiations marked a normative shift over the desirability of universal participation in global environmental negotiations, a shift that was locked into the initial negotiations on climate change. (blog.politics.ox.ac.uk)
Scholars have variously described international climate efforts as constituting a «regime complex» and as an example of «fragmented governance» on overlapping scales and actors [3]; but governments continue to focus on a process premised on universal participation. (blog.politics.ox.ac.uk)