Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to various carbohydrates in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (academic.oup.com)
Cortright and chemical engineer James Dumesic discovered in their university lab back in 2001 that by starting with water and various carbohydrates from plants — basically, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen compounds — and using catalysts, heat and pressure, they could start creating CO2 and hydrogen and then use that hydrogen to eliminate the oxygen as water (the process produces more water than it consumes). (scientificamerican.com)
This is consistent with the fact that cells lines used here are also negatively charged due to various carbohydrate moieties. (jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com)